Slaughterer and Glue Boiler. now clean of flesh.

 But the most terrifying spectacle of all was Boxer
 But the most terrifying spectacle of all was Boxer. lay in working hard and living frugally."That is our victory. but they were weary and bleeding. Benjamin was the oldest animal on the farm. of the Manor Farm. but certain changes had been made recently in the routine of the farm which should have the effect of promoting confidence stiff further. They worked diligently hardly raising their faces from the ground. at a different spot every day. here and now I pronounce the death sentence upon Snowball. Mollie refused to learn any but the six letters which spelt her own name. the poet. But Squealer counselled them to avoid rash actions and trust in Comrade Napoleon's strategy. were thrown on to the rubbish fire which was burning in the yard. Frederick and Pilkington changed their tune and began to talk of the terrible wickedness that now flourished on Animal Farm. these projects were a failure. and then the pigs. Whymper had bought himself a dogcart. the solemn booming of a gun. he said. the blinkers.

 No animal shall sleep in a bed. You. or in the evening after work was over. two legs bad. The four young pigs who had protested when Napoleon abolished the Meetings raised their voices timidly. Frederick were anxious to buy it. The dogs flanked the procession and at the head of all marched Napoleon's black cockerel. In its place Minimus." "reports. the donkey. Even Boxer was vaguely troubled."Comrade. He was running as only a pig can run. even in defence of their own interests. And about half an hour later. "Don't take your own brother to his death! " But the stupid brutes. the spelling was correct all the way through."But is this simply part of the order of nature? Is it because this land of ours is so poor that it cannot afford a decent life to those who dwell upon it? No. But it reminded me of something that I had long forgotten. At the Meeting on the following Sunday the question of whether or not to begin work on the windmill was to be put to the vote. as I see it.

 the company took up their cards and continued the game that had been interrupted. "It does not matter. later in the year. as she had protected the lost brood of ducklings with her foreleg on the night of Major's speech. a contract for four hundred eggs a week. But of all their controversies. Each had his own following. A few minutes later two pigeons came racing in with the news: "Boxer has fallen! He is lying on his side and can't get up!"About half the animals on the farm rushed out to the knoll where the windmill stood." This was to be suppressed. All animals should go naked. Snowball also busied himself with organising the other animals into what he called Animal Committees. of primitive implements. It was Clover's voice. with his moonshine of windmills-Snowball. and they opened fire as soon as they got within fifty yards. in those days they had been slaves and now they were free. and to finish it by the appointed date. but greatly preferred him to Frederick. Only Clover remained.The animals were taken aback. which smashed to pieces on the floor.

" he said. After a few minutes the men were seen to be running in all directions. All animals are equal. All animals are equal. When it was all gone. These two had great difficulty in thinking anything out for themselves. the Rebellion was achieved much earlier and more easily than anyone had expected. he is too weak to pull the plough. it was noticed. after their fashion. To the amazement of everybody. remember always your duty of enmity towards Man and all his ways. And Boxer's stall was empty. It ended by their remaining there for a whole week. and she complained of mysterious pains. he said. and we will build all through the winter. but it was cruel work.It was vitally necessary to conceal this fact from the outside world. a violent quarrel was in progress. Squealer made excellent speeches on the joy of service and the dignity of labour.

 If they had no more food than they had had in Jones's day. noticed that there was yet another of them which the animals had remembered wrong. Moses said. at the beds with their feather mattresses. Comrade Napoleon. was a co-operative enterprise. I have had much time for thought as I lay alone in my stall. She appeared to be enjoying herself. the sight of Napoleon."That is our victory. After a moment. he added. It was also announced that the gun would be fired every year on Napoleon's birthday. however. besides instituting classes in reading and writing. and they often interrupted the Meeting with this. Yet he is lord of all the animals. which saved a lot of labour on the upkeep of hedges and gates. in winter. Napoleon himself occupying the seat of honour at the head of the table. the other could be counted on to oppose it.

 They rolled in the dew. There was only one candidate. there in the yard was a large closed van. to make of Mr. They had just noticed this when a cry of despair broke from every animal's throat. Napoleon acted swiftly and ruthlessly. he might expect to live another three years. with two dogs to wait upon him. Napoleon had denounced such ideas as contrary to the spirit of Animalism. as though to make quite sure that no human being was hiding anywhere upon it; then they raced back to the farm buildings to wipe out the last traces of Jones's hated reign. who thought she remembered a definite ruling against beds.The animals decided unanimously to create a military decoration. with two dogs to wait upon him. Napoleon appeared to change countenance. "gentlemen. It was not for this that they had built the windmill and faced the bullets of Jones's gun. and sleep between blankets. The knoll where they were lying gave them a wide prospect across the countryside. who had given up hope of getting his farm back and gone to live in another part of the county. the spinney. the dogs promptly tore their throats out.

 and passed it on to the other animals by simple arguments. But Boxer was still a little uneasy. The animals believed every word of it.Their most faithful disciples were the two cart-horses. The animals listened first to Napoleon." said Boxer in a weak voice.' Those were his very last words. But no warm mash appeared. wearing an old bowler hat of Mr. and it was a great drawback that no animal was able to use any tool that involved standing on his hind legs. were too strong for them; and suddenly. The animals felt a little uneasy at this. The other farm. trembling. Some day it was coming: it might not be soon. sugar for Napoleon's own table (he forbade this to the other pigs. but this time they did not have the easy victory that they had had in the Battle of the Cowshed. In desperation the animals began appealing to the two horses which drew the van to stop. A white stripe down his nose gave him a somewhat stupid appearance. and as fierce-looking as wolves. he said.

 and the next moment the cowardly enemy was running for dear life. Most of Animal Farm was within their view-the long pasture stretching down to the main road. looked closely at every detail of the plans and snuffed at them once or twice. For a long time there had been rumours-circulated. A little awkwardly."Gentlemen. and promptly sat down again; he had spoken for barely thirty seconds. Napoleon was engaged in complicated negotiations with Frederick and Pilkington. "should be considered as clothes. Actually the Commandment read: "No animal shall drink alcohol to excess. At the Meetings Snowball often won over the majority by his brilliant speeches.A FEW days later. Squealer explained. was as it had always been. The windmill was. Pilkington had each played an ace of spades simultaneously. he broke the eggs. Snowball had made a close study of some back numbers of the Farmer and Stockbreeder which he had found in the farmhouse. including the windmill.Nevertheless. he was attended not only by his retinue of dogs but by a black cockerel who marched in front of him and acted as a kind of trumpeter.

 some days afterwards. I merely repeat. One day. None of them proved able to learn the alphabet beyond the letter B. Last of all came the cat."And remember. According to Snowball. comrade."My sight is failing. Whatever goes upon four legs. who had been sent out on the day before.It was vitally necessary to conceal this fact from the outside world. and usually hungry as well. Mr. then stood for a little while contemplating them out of the corner of his eye; then suddenly he lifted his leg. Snowball has sold himself to Frederick of Pinchfield Farm. and his great haunches seemed to have shrunken." said one of the hens. The animals could not face the terrible explosions and the stinging pellets. and on the following Sunday it was announced that from now onwards all barley would be reserved for the pigs. Squealer was so fat that he could with difficulty see out of his eyes.

 all the sheep burst out into a tremendous bleating of-"Four legs good. where they were toppled over the edge. I propose this question to the meeting: Are rats comrades?"The vote was taken at once. Many of the animals believed him. work night and day. would have been contrary to the principles of Animalism. the applause having come to an end. of whatever degree. how even animals could bring themselves to sing such contemptible rubbish." At the same time Napoleon assured the animals that the stories of an impending attack on Animal Farm were completely untrue. The next moment he and his four men were in the store-shed with whips in their hands. the cruel knives with which Mr.All this while no more had been seen of Snowball. Jones went into Willingdon and got so drunk at the Red Lion that he did not come back till midday on Sunday. an especially devoted follower of Napoleon." "reports. were instructed to remark casually in his hearing that rations had been increased. I had only another month to go in any case. such as the pigs and dogs. There was need of paraffin oil. and lanterns in the stalls were forbidden to save Oil.

 On every kind of pretext she would run away from work and go to the drinking pool. Clover treated the hoof with poultices of herbs which she prepared by chewing them. After this they went back to the farm buildings. the animals were satisfied that they had been mistaken. Jones would come back! Surely. They were shown all over the farm. and then by a hard frost which did not break till well into February. merely set back their ears and quickened their pace. He was quite unchanged. now that it was truly their own food.At the gate they paused. whom they both feared and hated. there was a small knoll which was the highest point on the farm.All orders were now issued through Squealer or one of the other pigs. Squealer easily convinced them that the veterinary surgeon in Willingdon could treat Boxer's case more satisfactorily than could be done on the farm.Though we die before it break;Cows and horses. not far from the farm buildings. and Napoleon himself walked at the head of the procession. Sometimes the long hours on insufficient food were hard to bear. Except through Whymper. Henceforward the farm was to be known as "The Manor Farm"-which.

 For days at a time the animals had nothing to eat but chaff and mangels. comrades. he was attended not only by his retinue of dogs but by a black cockerel who marched in front of him and acted as a kind of trumpeter. Napoleon announced that he had decided upon a new policy. Several of them would have protested if they could have found the right arguments. Napoleon. Too amazed and frightened to speak."Comrades. Snowball explained. he said. But the luxuries of which Snowball had once taught the animals to dream. There was nothing with which they could compare their present lives: they had nothing to go upon except Squealer's lists of figures. She was telling them that all animals were now comrades and that any sparrow who chose could come and perch on her paw; but the sparrows kept their distance. Napoleon himself occupying the seat of honour at the head of the table. And about half an hour later. The wild creatures. "a most terrible thing has been discovered. At first they pretended to laugh to scorn the idea of animals managing a farm for themselves. There is a pretty good store of stone accumulated. namely: "Four legs good. At this Snowball sprang to his feet.

 They met with many difficulties-for instance. to Napoleon's feet. If he were gone. crying out at the tops of their voices. no one was able to imagine. speeches. too ignorant to realise what was happening. had agreed to act as intermediary between Animal Farm and the outside world.For that day we all must labour. though they pretended to think it merely ridiculous. In addition. Suddenly he halted as though his mind were made up.Within a few weeks Snowball's plans for the windmill were fully worked out. The potatoes had become soft and discoloured. After about a quarter of an hour Squealer appeared. and slipped out of the farm by another way. Clover had not remembered that the Fourth Commandment mentioned sheets; but as it was there on the wall. On Sunday mornings Squealer. with two ounces of corn for each bird and three biscuits for each dog. and there kept them in such seclusion that the rest of the farm soon forgot their existence. A large jug was circulating.

 But there were also rumours of something more serious. The wheat crop was full of weeds. who had remained on his feet. The banknotes were forgeries! Frederick had got the timber for nothing!Napoleon called the animals together immediately and in a terrible voice pronounced the death sentence upon Frederick. "should be considered as clothes." And though no one cared to mention it in the hearing of the pigs or the dogs. through the agency of Whymper. majestically upright. the chance to utter any protest had passed.There were many more mouths to feed now. Every day Snowball and Napoleon sent out flights of pigeons whose instructions were to mingle with the animals on neighbouring farms. She knew that. And a moment later. far too big to be used as they were. And when. The dog shrieked for mercy and the other two fled with their tails between their legs. as the case might be. the goat. It was absolutely necessary. complaining to anyone who would listen of the monstrous injustice he had suffered in being turned out of his property by a pack of good-for-nothing animals. which smashed to pieces on the floor.

They had just finished singing it for the third time when Squealer.2. above all.But a few days later Muriel.7. and then by a hard frost which did not break till well into February. Jones. One of Mr. but with perfect balance. everyone. and throughout that year a wave of rebelliousness ran through the countryside. On several occasions. They rushed back and looked through the window again.HOW they toiled and sweated to get the hay in! But their efforts were rewarded. and with a piece of chalk gripped between the knuckles of his trotter. Their relations with the human race were now not quite the same as they had been before. and Clover administered it to Boxer twice a day after meals. This was to be the name of the farm from now onwards. there was a small knoll which was the highest point on the farm. They all declared contemptuously that his stories about Sugarcandy Mountain were lies. So far as he knew.

 but simply in order to obtain certain materials which were urgently necessary."So the animals trooped down to the hayfield to begin the harvest.Napoleon himself appeared at the meeting on the following Sunday morning and pronounced a short oration in Boxer's honour. A large jug was circulating. He had. Animal Farm. and he looked forward to the peaceful days that he would spend in the corner of the big pasture.Thou watchest over all. If she herself had had any picture of the future. Never listen when they tell you that Man and the animals have a common interest. Squealer made excellent speeches on the joy of service and the dignity of labour. and in fact understood the business of mowing and raking far better than Jones and his men had ever done.There were many more creatures on the farm now. that they worked shorter hours. casting a peculiar sidelong look at Snowball. our dung fertilises it. mostly sheep. above all. It would be a plain green flag from now onwards. His knees were bleeding. laborious.

The whole farm was deeply divided on the subject of the windmill. for the harvest was an even bigger success than they had hoped. and the red roofs of the farm buildings with the smoke curling from the chimneys. they would perhaps have noted that the white hoof and horn with which it had previously been marked had now been removed. intended to bring against them twenty men all armed with guns. he collected two successive loads of stone and dragged them down to the windmill before retiring for the night. comrades. Snowball did not say." she said to him. After this they went back to the farm buildings. The animals slain in the battle were given a solemn funeral. it would have to be made up by the sale of eggs. The sheep spent the whole day there browsing at the leaves under Squealer's supervision. endless work in the supervision and organisation of the farm. two legs bad!" But by and large the animals enjoyed these celebrations. I feel it my duty to pass on to you such wisdom as I have acquired. Most of Animal Farm was within their view-the long pasture stretching down to the main road. were lying all over the bed of the quarry. when bricks and timber had been purchased. to bring back their lamented comrade's remains for interment on the farm. He would perch on a stump.

 "Boxer!" she cried. Jones had spent sitting in the taproom of the Red Lion at Willingdon. but he had ordered a large wreath to be made from the laurels in the farmhouse garden and sent down to be placed on Boxer's grave. chewing at a lump of sugar. but a discipline and an orderliness which should be an example to all farmers everywhere. he said. the other could be counted on to oppose it. as though at a signal. they remembered that at the critical moment of the battle Snowball had turned to flee. the strong protecting the weak. to bring back their lamented comrade's remains for interment on the farm. their enemies in flight. which were to be handed over before the timber was removed. in profile. were no longer talked about. was inscribed on the end wall of the barn."The pigs now revealed that during the past three months they had taught themselves to read and write from an old spelling book which had belonged to Mr. Fill your glasses to the brim."Jones used sometimes to mix some of it in our mash. saw what was happening. This was of the highest importance for the welfare of the farm.

 The animals knew that this was not the case. Discipline. TWO LEGS BAD.It was vitally necessary to conceal this fact from the outside world. that their drinking water was of better quality. This morning I saw you looking over the hedge that divides Animal Farm from Foxwood. it might even be necessary to reduce their rations."But at this moment the three cows. the short animal lives fled by. to utilise the force of gravity. but. clean straw to roll upon;Every beast great or smallSleeps at peace in his stall. But alas! his strength had left him; and in a few moments the sound of drumming hoofs grew fainter and died away. All the pigeons. comrades.As soon as the light in the bedroom went out there was a stirring and a fluttering all through the farm buildings. of which there were not many nowadays. Above all.Meanwhile the timber was being carted away at high speed. though no one would have dared to sing it aloud. and the animals were underfed.

 it had been found necessary to make a readjustment of rations (Squealer always spoke of it as a "readjustment. it was Squealer. we should starve to death. three hundred per cent.""That was part of the arrangement!" cried Squealer. making sure that there was a fox in the yard. No animal must ever kill any other animal. the anniversary of the Rebellion. After much choking. some had three. The harness-room at the end of the stables was broken open; the bits. The windmill was. were too strong for them; and suddenly. and from long before the Rebellion was ever thought of. he believed. Moses said. life would go on as it had always gone on-that is. comrades. All the pigs were in full agreement on this point. but was still short of money. not even Frederick.

 The animals had never heard of anything of this kind before (for the farm was an old-fashioned one and had only the most primitive machinery). Today we begin the hay harvest. was to live at peace and in normal business relations with their neighbours. The birds jumped on to their perches. who had begun bleating again. their sense of honour and privilege in being members of Animal Farm. At about half past nine Napoleon. and they did not like to think of their sick comrade in the hands of human beings." And though no one cared to mention it in the hearing of the pigs or the dogs. he could detect by the smell. broke down almost immediately.That evening Squealer explained privately to the other animals that Napoleon had never in reality been opposed to the windmill. twinkling eyes. the stores of food for the winter were none too plentiful. and all the sheep. never growing tired of it. the instrument with which he does all his mischief."What victory?" said Boxer. well aware that everything that they did was for the benefit of themselves and those of their kind who would come after them. Horse Slaughterer and Glue Boiler. now clean of flesh.